Yes, you can subscribe buyers to different MailChimp lists on an account-wide basis for all sales and on a product-specific basis for sales of that product.
To have all buyers subscribed to a given mailing list, paste your MailChimp integration URL for that list into Seller Admin > Account Preferences > Common Notification URL and click Submit to apply changes.
To have buyers of a certain product subscribed to a given list, edit the product to enable "Send transaction data to a URL" then click Next until you find the Payment Variable Information URL and paste your MailChimp integration URL for the desired list in there, then click Next until you can Submit changes. In this case, you could use a different URL for any/every product as you wish.