I don't think this is possible yet but I'd love to have Robin and the gang send it to me for Christmas: I think it'd be a great addl tool if a code and corresponding discount could be created with each purchase - for another product. Discounts can be set for periods of time now, but you can't realistically create a new one for each purchase.
Currently I send out thank you pages/emails that point the buyer to articles I've published that are related to the product they just bought. I also say "Thanks for buying the x widget; next you'll want to get the y widget." What I'd like to add to this is the ability (with a check box, just that simple) to offer a discount on that y widget that lasts for 3 days, offers a code (perhaps just their trans ID) and then it just fades away. Now, that would be cool.